Recent research statistics show that the annual number of exposures and disease transmission from contaminated needle-stick injuries; are as follows: there are approximately 160,000 people infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV); approximately 4.7 million people are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV); approximately 160,000 people are infected with HIV ?thus causing an annual global death of 1.3 million, and an economic loss of US$5.35 million annually.
In many developed countries, by providing free single use disposable syringes, the rate of contamination has been largely reduced, however; the needle-stick injuries still exists in the occupational and healthcare industries.
There is an estimate of nearly 800,000 out of 4.4 million occupational and healthcare staff still needle-stick or sharp injuries annually in USA; of which 1600 are contamination from HIV sufferers, the figures from HBV and HCV are even higher. According to Lanphear's report, out of 50 HCV infected medical staff due to needle-stick injuries, 6% has positive antibodies transformation. In an Italian hospital that had 2347 staff, in a year, there was 108 staff with needle-stick injuries, of which 3 of them had acute Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 2 of them developed into chronic HCV. In a Pakistan immunization testing centre, the needle-stick injuries were as high as 2.1%.
In developing countries, occupational and healthcare sharp and needle-stick injuries are major concerns. There are 16 billion injections being performed annually and 95% are for curing, 3% are for immunization, and the remaining 2% are for blood transfusion and birth control. Undeveloped countries, due to their lack of economic strength and health and medical resources, they have extremely high sharp and needle-stick injuries. Across the 5 continents, 14 countries out of 19 developed countries have a sharp or needle-stick injuries rate as high as 50%.
Table3- worldwide estimated demand for Safety Syringes for 2005-2007(unit-100miillion pcs)
| region |
Demanded quantity of single use only syringe |
In 2005 |
In 2006 |
In 2007 |
| % |
quantity Demanded |
% |
quantity Demanded |
% |
quantity Demanded |
| The USA |
60 |
95% |
57 |
98% |
58.8 |
99% |
59.4 |
| Europe |
200 |
35% |
70 |
50% |
110 |
70% |
140 |
| China |
90 |
35% |
31.5 |
50% |
45 |
60% |
54 |
| Japan |
40 |
30% |
12 |
45% |
18 |
70% |
28 |
| Australia |
4 |
30% |
12 |
50% |
2 |
70% |
2.8 |
| Africa |
90 |
25% |
22.5 |
40% |
26 |
50% |
45 |
| Other regions |
500 |
15% |
75 |
30% |
150 |
45% |
225 |
| total(
100million pieces
) |
984 |
|
280 |
|
419.8 |
|
554.2 |
|